The principle of operation of the capacitor dielectric

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How does the dielectric increase the capacitance of the capacitor? Dielectrics contain polar molecules, which means they can change direction depending on the charge on both plates. Thus, the molecules are aligned with the electric field in such a way that more electrons are attracted to the negative plate while repelling more electrons out of the positive plate.

So, once it is fully charged, if we remove the battery, it will maintain the charge for a long time, playing the role of energy storage.

Now, if we shorten the two ends of the capacitor by the load, the current will begin to flow through the load. The accumulated electrons from the first plate will begin to move to the second plate until both plates return to electrical neutrality.

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